What is the primary function of a transformer?

The primary function of a transformer is to change the voltage level in an AC circuit. Transformers operate based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, allowing them to adjust voltage levels without changing the frequency of the alternating current (AC). This ability to either step up or step down voltage levels is crucial in electrical distribution systems, where it is necessary to transmit electricity efficiently over long distances.

For instance, high voltage is used for transmission to reduce energy losses due to resistance in the wires. Then, just before the electricity reaches its final destination, transformers step down the voltage to safer levels suitable for residential or commercial use. This function makes transformers essential components in the energy supply chain, ensuring that electricity can be transported effectively while minimizing losses.

The other functions listed, such as converting AC to DC voltage, amplifying electrical signals, or storing electrical energy, are not performed by transformers. Instead, these functions are handled by other types of electrical components, such as rectifiers for conversion, amplifiers for signal strength, and capacitors or batteries for energy storage.