What is the purpose of using surge protectors in electrical systems?

Surge protectors are specifically designed to protect electrical devices and systems from voltage spikes that can occur due to various reasons, such as lightning strikes, power surges from the utility grid, or switching actions in other electrical devices. When the voltage exceeds a certain threshold, surge protectors redirect the excess voltage away from the sensitive equipment, preventing potential damage that could result from these spikes. This ensures the longevity and reliability of the equipment connected to the electrical system.

The other options include concepts that, while important in electrical systems, do not accurately describe the primary function of surge protectors. Enhancing energy efficiency, regulating current flow, and measuring electrical load are roles fulfilled by other devices or systems. Surge protectors focus solely on the prevention of damage from transient voltage events.